About Basic Bonsai Styles

Bonsai, as a Japanese art form, is more regulated than it’s Chinese counterpart, the penjing. Bonsai attempts to achieve the ideal tree, while penjing attempts to reproduce nature. This is why perfect design exists in bonsai should you obey the ‘rules’, while penjing leave you free to your creation. Like a result these are the basic types :

Broom (Hokidachi or Hoki-zukuri)

A very harmonious style, this kind has branches that produce at a specific height, forming an upside broom. This design is mainly achieved through a method called the “V” cut. The trunk is chopped where you want the branch to begin to produce and then a deep V cut is performed about the remaining trunk. This will induce buds to break close to the cut. Zelkova serrata are notorious for this design but maple and other deciduous species can easily be styled that way.

Formal Upright (Chokkan)

A tree styled the “chokkan” way has a straight trunk tapering graciously from bottom to top. The initial and biggest branch is frequently situated at 1/3 from the desired height with the tree and is on the proper or the left. The following branch is situated around the opposite part, whilst the third is inside the back developing the perception depth. As we look in the branch structure from bottom to best, the branches are getting thinner, creating a pyramidal form.

Informal Upright (Moyogi)

This design is really related to the previously mentionned style because the same rules of style apply, nevertheless, the trunk isn’t straight but rather forms a sinuous shape while remaining tapered. This style is frequently used with conifers.

Slanting (Shakan)

Once again, this model may be the exact same since the formal upright except that the trunk is leaning on 1 part. Branches are grown uniformly around the trunk like the formal/informal upright types but the apex is tilted towards the opposite side of the trunk giving a visual balanced effect.

Cascade (Kengai)

This design requires an inclined trunk that is preferably at a 45 degree angle. The major portion from the foliage is below the pot line and occasionally goes beyond the pot itself. It often represents a tree increasing about the side of cliff. A deep pot is used for this model.

Semi-cascade (Han-Kengai)

Similar towards the Kengai model, this style also has an inclinated trunk. However, the foliage remains in the height with the pot line. In nature, we can see this design near a waterway, the foliage possessing grown on the aspect and leaning towards the water. Although the cascade style uses a deeper pot, this design uses a medium depth pot.

Windswept (Fukinagashi)

A “windswept” tree represents a tree that has been developing in the certain shape due to natural elements . Often caused by strong wind, the trunk is usually inclinated inside a certain direction and all branches have grown about the very same part.

Literati (Bunjin)

This design is frequently represented in Japanese paintings. It can be a tree with a tall and sinuous trunk. The foliage only grows close to the summit from the tree. This styling is somewhat an exception towards the rigorous guidelines of bonsai simply because it does not have specific rules. It represents what the bunjin movement is in Japan: the search for liberty.

Group/Forest (Yose-ue)

This design often represents a forest or a tiny cluster of trees. It’s supposed to be styled inside a way that may clearly represent the increasing habits of trees in the group. Numerous techinques can be utilized to accomplish this design and several perception strategies are utilized to create the illusion of a forest, or as Naka would say, “having the high quality with the invisible beauty of nature”. To respect the Japanese art kind, an odd quantity of trees is prefered for this design.

Raft (Ikadabuki)

The exact same rules of the group planting apply to this design. However, all of the trunks emerge from one typical trunk. This method is frequently attained having a branch placed verticaly in the soil. The roots kind this branch and also the upper component of the vertical branch create secondary branches which will eventually turn out to be the trunks.

Multi-trunk Style (Sokan – Sankan)

This multi-trunk design has diverse possibilities. The first, which is called “Sokan”, consists of two trunks emerging through the same noticeable roots (nebari). The design of the upper part of the tree should respect the exact same rules because the formal / informal upright designs previously described. One more variance consists from the same but with three trunks emerging from the visible roots. That is referred to as “Sankan”. You can also have more than three trunks but to respect Japanese bonsai, it is prefered to have an odd quantity of trunks.

Roots More than Rock (Ishitsuki)

This styling has the particular charactreristics of possessing numerous visible roots increasing more than a rock and finding their way towards the pot/soil.

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